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Elements point grinding wheel technology
Many different types of wheel, and a variety of shapes and sizes due to the different abrasive wheels, the wheel bond materials and manufacturing processes, different kinds of grinding wheels on the performance. Each wheel according to its own characteristics, has a certain scope. Therefore, grinding, must be based on the specific circumstances (such as the workpiece material properties grinding, heat treatment method, the workpiece shape, size and processing forms and technical requirements, etc.), choose the appropriate wheel. Otherwise they will be directly affected by improper wheel to select the machining accuracy, surface roughness and production efficiency.
Many different types of wheel, and a variety of shapes and sizes due to the different abrasive wheels, the wheel bond materials and manufacturing processes, different kinds of grinding wheels on the performance. Each wheel according to its own characteristics, has a certain scope. Therefore, grinding, must be based on the specific circumstances (such as the workpiece material properties grinding, heat treatment method, the workpiece shape, size and processing forms and technical requirements, etc.), choose the appropriate wheel. Otherwise they will be directly affected by improper wheel to select the machining accuracy, surface roughness and production efficiency.
In recent years with the development and application of new technologies, the development of high-precision grinding technology, the grinding size to 0.1 ~ 0.3μm, the surface roughness of 0.2 ~ 0.05μm, grinding surface modification layer and residual stress are very small, clear improve the processing quality. Forming grinding, especially high-precision molding grinding, often living in the key issues. Forming grinding has two problems: First, the wheel mass, mainly wheel must have good self-grind and shape retention profile, which both tend to be contradictory. Second, Dresser technology, namely efficient and economical to obtain the desired wheel-shaped profile and sharpness. Thus in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of grinding, especially for difficult materials and efficient finishing, efficient and powerful use of CBN grinding wheel, makes a strong break through the limitations of traditional grinding mill, productivity doubled, some parts of the rough does not require the roughing, grinding directly into finished products, which not only improves the processing efficiency but also improve the processing quality.
1, ordinary selection of abrasive wheels, the most common general abrasive wheel is corundum (A) and white fused alumina (WA), followed by silicon carbide (C) and green silicon carbide (GC), as well as the rest of the commonly used chromium corundum (PA), single-crystal corundum (SA), microcrystalline corundum (MA), zirconium corundum (ZA).
2, the particle size of choice, which depends on the surface roughness of the workpiece to be ground and the grinding efficiency. Granularity refers to the abrasive particle size, the size is expressed with grit grinding wheel when the coarse-grained, high production efficiency, but the surface is rough grind; grinding wheel with a fine-grained, coarse grind the workpiece surface is better, and lower productivity. Meet the requirements under the premise of roughness, should try to use coarse-grained grinding wheel to ensure a high grinding efficiency. Generally coarse grained wheel selection, the selection of fine-grained grinding wheel when grinding. When a larger contact area when the grinding wheel and the workpiece, to use some of the rough wheel size. For example, the same surface grinding, face grinding with a grinding wheel grain size than the peripheral grinding wheel to choose thicker.
3, the selection, selection of the hardness of the workpiece depends on the hardness of the material to be ground, the grinding efficiency and the quality of the machined surface. Hardness refers to the degree of difficulty in the external force abrasive wheels fall off, in order to adapt to different requirements of workpiece material grinding, grinding wheel into the manufacture of different hardness levels, different size of the wheel its scope wheel election was tough, blunt grains not falling, wheel easy to plug, grinding heat increases, the workpiece is easy to burn, low grinding efficiency, the impact of the workpiece surface quality; wheel election too soft, abrasive still sharp when you fall off, increasing the grinding wheel wear and tear, easy to lose correct geometry, the impact of the workpiece accuracy. Therefore, the hardness of the wheel to select appropriate, should be based on the size of the contact area between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, the workpiece shape, way grinding, cooling, binders and other types of wheel factors considered.
4, the selective binding agent, the method should be based on the grinding using the surface processing speed requirements and other conditions to be considered. The most commonly used binding agent with a ceramic grinding binding agent (V) and the resin binder (B). Ceramic binder is an inorganic binding agent, chemical stability, heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, porosity, and high efficiency of this bond grinding wheel manufacturing, small abrasion, can better maintain wheel geometry widest range of applications. Suitable for grinding ordinary carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, cast iron, alloy, non-ferrous metals. However, the brittleness of ceramic bonded grinding wheel, not subject to severe vibration. Generally only used at speed 35 m / s or less. Resin binder is an organic binder, high grinding wheel manufacturing strength of this bond, with a certain degree of flexibility, heat resistance, low self-sharpening, simple production, shorter process cycle. The operating speed can be made higher than 50 m / sec and a thin grinding wheel. Its range of applications after the ceramic binder, widely used coarse, shortage of grinding, cutting and grinding freedom, such as grinding ingots, castings playing burr. Can produce high-speed, high-quality finish wheels, heavy duty, cutting and grinding all kinds of special requirements.
5, the organization of the selection pressure on the workpiece the main consideration, the method of grinding, the workpiece material and the like. Organization refers to the percentage of the abrasive grinding wheel volume. The classification is based on the wheel organization abrasive volume percentage of 62% is "0" No organization, abrasive minus 2 percent per volume, the organization increased the first, and so on, is divided into 15 numbers. The larger the number of numbers, organize the loose wheel tightly organized better able to grind the workpiece surface, tissue loose wheel, due to the large gap that can accommodate the grinding process to ensure that debris, to avoid clogging the wheel. When coarse grinding and grinding is usually relatively soft metal, wheel easy to plug should be used in the wheel loose organization; molding and precision grinding mill, in order to maintain the geometry of the wheel and get a better roughness, organizations should use more closely wheel; grinding machine tool guide and carbide tools, in order to reduce the thermal deformation of the workpiece to avoid burns crack, should adopt the wheel loose organization; large grinding heat-sensitive materials, non-ferrous metals, non-metallic materials should be used more than 12 # organization wheel.
6, the shape and size selection should be based on the conditions and the shape of the workpiece grinder to choose. Common wheel shapes have flat grinding wheel (P), one-sided concave grinding wheel (PDA), double-sided concave grinding wheel (PSA), thin wheel (PB), cylindrical grinding wheel (N), bowl-shaped grinding wheel (BW), dished One wheel (D1) and the like. Grinding machines that can be used for each wheel has a certain shape and size range. Under possible conditions, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel should be as chosen to be larger, to improve the grinding wheel line speed, to obtain higher productivity and quality of the workpiece surface, the width of the grinding wheel can be increased to obtain the same effect.
In recent years with the development and application of new technologies, the development of high-precision grinding technology, the grinding size to 0.1 ~ 0.3μm, the surface roughness of 0.2 ~ 0.05μm, grinding surface modification layer and residual stress are very small, clear improve the processing quality. Forming grinding, especially high-precision molding grinding, often living in the key issues. Forming grinding has two problems: First, the wheel mass, mainly wheel must have good self-grind and shape retention profile, which both tend to be contradictory. Second, Dresser technology, namely efficient and economical to obtain the desired wheel-shaped profile and sharpness. Thus in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of grinding, especially for difficult materials and efficient finishing, efficient and powerful use of CBN grinding wheel, makes a strong break through the limitations of traditional grinding mill, productivity doubled, some parts of the rough does not require the roughing, grinding directly into finished products, which not only improves the processing efficiency but also improve the processing quality.
1, ordinary selection of abrasive wheels, the most common general abrasive wheel is corundum (A) and white fused alumina (WA), followed by silicon carbide (C) and green silicon carbide (GC), as well as the rest of the commonly used chromium corundum (PA), single-crystal corundum (SA), microcrystalline corundum (MA), zirconium corundum (ZA).
2, the particle size of choice, which depends on the surface roughness of the workpiece to be ground and the grinding efficiency. Granularity refers to the abrasive particle size, the size is expressed with grit grinding wheel when the coarse-grained, high production efficiency, but the surface is rough grind; grinding wheel with a fine-grained, coarse grind the workpiece surface is better, and lower productivity. Meet the requirements under the premise of roughness, should try to use coarse-grained grinding wheel to ensure a high grinding efficiency. Generally coarse grained wheel selection, the selection of fine-grained grinding wheel when grinding. When a larger contact area when the grinding wheel and the workpiece, to use some of the rough wheel size. For example, the same surface grinding, face grinding with a grinding wheel grain size than the peripheral grinding wheel to choose thicker.
3, the selection, selection of the hardness of the workpiece depends on the hardness of the material to be ground, the grinding efficiency and the quality of the machined surface. Hardness refers to the degree of difficulty in the external force abrasive wheels fall off, in order to adapt to different requirements of workpiece material grinding, grinding wheel into the manufacture of different hardness levels, different size of the wheel its scope wheel election was tough, blunt grains not falling, wheel easy to plug, grinding heat increases, the workpiece is easy to burn, low grinding efficiency, the impact of the workpiece surface quality; wheel election too soft, abrasive still sharp when you fall off, increasing the grinding wheel wear and tear, easy to lose correct geometry, the impact of the workpiece accuracy. Therefore, the hardness of the wheel to select appropriate, should be based on the size of the contact area between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, the workpiece shape, way grinding, cooling, binders and other types of wheel factors considered.
4, the selective binding agent, the method should be based on the grinding using the surface processing speed requirements and other conditions to be considered. The most commonly used binding agent with a ceramic grinding binding agent (V) and the resin binder (B). Ceramic binder is an inorganic binding agent, chemical stability, heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, porosity, and high efficiency of this bond grinding wheel manufacturing, small abrasion, can better maintain wheel geometry widest range of applications. Suitable for grinding ordinary carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, cast iron, alloy, non-ferrous metals. However, the brittleness of ceramic bonded grinding wheel, not subject to severe vibration. Generally only used at speed 35 m / s or less. Resin binder is an organic binder, high grinding wheel manufacturing strength of this bond, with a certain degree of flexibility, heat resistance, low self-sharpening, simple production, shorter process cycle. The operating speed can be made higher than 50 m / sec and a thin grinding wheel. Its range of applications after the ceramic binder, widely used coarse, shortage of grinding, cutting and grinding freedom, such as grinding ingots, castings playing burr. Can produce high-speed, high-quality finish wheels, heavy duty, cutting and grinding all kinds of special requirements.
5, the organization of the selection pressure on the workpiece the main consideration, the method of grinding, the workpiece material and the like. Organization refers to the percentage of the abrasive grinding wheel volume. The classification is based on the wheel organization abrasive volume percentage of 62% is "0" No organization, abrasive minus 2 percent per volume, the organization increased the first, and so on, is divided into 15 numbers. The larger the number of numbers, organize the loose wheel tightly organized better able to grind the workpiece surface, tissue loose wheel, due to the large gap that can accommodate the grinding process to ensure that debris, to avoid clogging the wheel. When coarse grinding and grinding is usually relatively soft metal, wheel easy to plug should be used in the wheel loose organization; molding and precision grinding mill, in order to maintain the geometry of the wheel and get a better roughness, organizations should use more closely wheel; grinding machine tool guide and carbide tools, in order to reduce the thermal deformation of the workpiece to avoid burns crack, should adopt the wheel loose organization; large grinding heat-sensitive materials, non-ferrous metals, non-metallic materials should be used more than 12 # organization wheel.
6, the shape and size selection should be based on the conditions and the shape of the workpiece grinder to choose. Common wheel shapes have flat grinding wheel (P), one-sided concave grinding wheel (PDA), double-sided concave grinding wheel (PSA), thin wheel (PB), cylindrical grinding wheel (N), bowl-shaped grinding wheel (BW), dished One wheel (D1) and the like. Grinding machines that can be used for each wheel has a certain shape and size range. Under possible conditions, the outer diameter of the grinding wheel should be as chosen to be larger, to improve the grinding wheel line speed, to obtain higher productivity and quality of the workpiece surface, the width of the grinding wheel can be increased to obtain the same effect.
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